Copyright ? 2004 Bio Resource International Co.

Gromone Trial in Flatfish with β-Glucan

1. Test organization : National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Aquaculture & Feed Center

2. Test animal : Flatfish 8.2g, 25 fishes in each tank, 3 replications

3. Test Materials : Gromome(GR), Glucan(GL)

4. Test Plan : 10 Feed Groups (Table 1)
Control Group, GR 0.1%, GR 0.2%, GL 0.1%(β-glucan activity)

5. Test tanks : 300ℓ PP Circle Tank X 30Tanks

6. Flow rate : 2～3ℓ/min

7. Water Temperature : 18 ± 1℃

8. Test period : 6weeks, weight measurement in every 2weeks

9. Feed intake : Feeding rate 3～4% to body weight, 2 times a day

10. Test Result

Table 1. Composition of the experimental diets

Ingredients	Con	GR_0.1	GR_0.2	GL_0.1
White fish meal¹	67.0
Corn gluten meal¹	3.0
Soybean meal¹	3.0
Dextrin²	13.0
Squid liver oil³	7.0
Vitamin premix⁴	2.0
Mineral premix⁵	2.0
Choline chloride	0.5
CMC^2,6	1.5
Additive⁷	0.0	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cellulose²	1.0	0.9	0.8	0.9
Moisture	23.2	23.3	24.1	24.5
Crude protein	49.6	50.2	50.3	50.1
Crude fat	12.5	12.3	12.4	12.3
Ash	10.8	10.7	10.9	10.6

¹Fisheries Co-OP Feeds Co., LTD, Korea

²United States Biochemical, Cleveland, Ohio 44122

³E-Wha Oil Co., Ltd., Pusan, Korea

⁴Contains (as mg/kg in diets) : Ascobic acid, 300; dl-Calcium pantothenate, 150; Choline bitartrate, 3000; Inositol, 150; Menadione, 6; Niacian, 150; Pyridoxine?HCl, 15; Riboflavin, 30; Thiamine mononitrate, 15; dl-α-Tocopherol acetate, 201; Retinyl acetate, 6; Biotin, 1.5; Folic acid, 5.4; Vit. B₁₂, 0.06.

⁵Contains (as mg/kg in diet) : Al, 1.2; Ca, 5000; Cl, 100; Cu, 5.1; Co, 9.9; Na, 1280; Mg, 520; P, 5000; K, 4300; Zn, 27; Fe, 40.2; I, 4.6; Se, 0.2; Mn, 9.1.

⁶Carboxymethylcellulose

⁷Additive: GR, Gromome; GL, Glucan

Table 2. Weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR) of juvenile olive flounder fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks¹

Parameters	Con	GR_0.1	GR_0.2	GL_0.1
Initial wt.	8.19	8.20	8.23	8.21
Wt. gain(%)²	241d	275b	286ab	288ab
FE(%)³	82.0d	92.6bc	96.6ab	98.0a
PER⁴	1.61d	1.85b	1.93ab	1.96a
SGR⁵	2.27c	2.38b	2.43ab	2.47ab
HSI⁶	2.31c	2.47ab	2.48ab	2.49ab
CF⁷	1.48c	1.71ab	1.73ab	1.74ab
SR⁸	96.0	98.7	98.7	97.3

¹Values are means±SD from triplicate groups of fish where the means in each row with a different superscript are significantly different (P<0.05).

²Percent weight gain: (final wt. - initial wt.)×100 / initial wt.

³Feed efficiency: (wet wt. gain / dry feed intake)×100

⁴Protein efficiency ratio: wet wt. gain / protein intake.

⁵Specific growth rate: (log_e final wt. - log_e initial wt.) / days.

⁶Hepatosomatic index (%) : liver wt.×100/body weight.

⁷Condition factor: fish wt. (g) / fish length (cm)³×100

⁸Survival rate

Table 3. Serological characteristics of juvenile olive flounder fed seven experimental diets for 6 weeks¹.

Parameters	Con	GR_0.1	GR_0.2	GL_0.1
Glucose (g/㎗)	44.9a	39.3b	35.9b	32.9b
Total protein (g/㎗)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9
GOT (karmen units/㎖)	37.6	39.1	39.1	37.1
GPT (karmen units/㎖)	43.7a	37.4b	33.5b	36.5b

¹Values are means±SD from triplicate groups of fish where the means in each row with a different superscript are significantly different (P<0.05).

Table 4. Effect of additive administration non-specific immune factors of juvenile olive flounder fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks¹

Parameters	Con	GR_0.1	GR_0.2	GL_0.1
Lysozyme activity (U/ml)	50c	375b	675a	770a

¹Values are means±SD from triplicate groups of fish where the means in each row with a different superscript are significantly different (P<0.05).

Table 5. Cumulative mortality rate (%) after intraperitoneal injection of Edwardsiella tarda of juvenile olive flounder fed the experimental diets for 6 weeks¹

Day
Day	Con	GR_0.1	GR_0.2	GL_0.1
1	0	0	0	0
2	0	0	0	0
4	53.3	40.0	33.3	26.7
5	80.0	66.7	53.3	46.7
6	86.7	73.3	60.0	60.0
7	93.3	80.0	80.0	73.3
8	100	86.7	86.7	73.3
9	100	93.3	86.7	86.7
10	100	93.3	93.3	86.7
11	100	93.3	93.3	86.7
12	100	93.3	93.3	86.7

¹Values are means±SD from triplicate groups of fish where the means in each row with a different superscript are significantly different (P<0.05).